Postmenopause
Postmenopause is the stage of life after menopause has occurred, when the postmenopausal woman is no longer having menstrual periods and experiencing related symptoms. It signals a new phase when the body's reproductive hormones like estrogen are at lower levels.
Some key aspects of postmenopause include:
- Hormone levels - With no more ovarian function, estrogen levels remain lower while follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increase. This leads to symptoms like hot flashes typically tapering off.
- Ovarian function ceases - The ovaries no longer release eggs and estrogen/progesterone production stops. Menstruation ends permanently marking the start of postmenopause.
- Lasts several years - On average, postmenopause lasts around 3-6 years after the final period. But it can vary - some women reach it rapidly within a year while others transition more gradually.
When does postmenopause officially start?
There are a few definitions doctors use:
- 12 months after the last menstrual period
- When FSH remains elevated for over a year
What changes can women expect during postmenopause?
With the reproductive transition completed, some changes include:
- Hot flashes finishing
- Vaginal dryness persisting
- Bone loss continuing, increasing osteoporosis risk
- Potential heart disease risk increasing if lifestyle is unhealthy
- Breast cancer risk lowering except with HRT use
What medical care is important?
- Monitor bone mineral density with DEXA scans and treat osteoporosis if present
- Have recommended cancer screenings like mammograms
- Adopt cardiovascular protective lifestyle - healthy diet, exercise, weight management
- Consider risks/benefits of hormone therapy for severe menopause symptoms
So in summary, postmenopause signifies the end stage after menopause when women adjust to long-term reduction in hormones like estrogen and no longer having menstrual cycles. Paying attention to key health issues can help ensure good quality of life. Supporting overall wellness with nutrition, activity and managing risk factors allows thriving in the years beyond reproductive capability!